NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Sample Essay

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Sample Essay

Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis

Nursing care has evolved over the years to be more comprehensive, implying that for holistic care, the nurse must understand biological and physical abnormalities that occur within individuals’ bodies due to various illnesses. Pathophysiology forms a nursing practice basis as it relates to a strong foundation for various nursing roles and responsibilities like ordering relevant diagnostic tests (Cook et al., 2019; NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay). When a nurse appropriately recognizes pathophysiological symptoms and signs of the patient’s illness, then the chances are high that a higher quality of advanced care will follow. The purpose of the assignment is to explore various pathophysiological signs and symptoms of a  forty-two year  old patient who comes to the emergency department with perineal pain accompanies by chills and fever, inability to appropriately empty the bladder, low back pain, and dysuria history. Using a set of guiding questions, the patient’s case will be discussed.

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Factors Influencing Fertility

Among the factors that can affect fertility, especially in males, is sexually transmitted diseases. This patient presents with a history of dysuria. The condition may signal urogenital infection such as urinary

tract infection, epididymitis, prostatitis, or urethritis. Chlamydia as a condition may affect testicles when not treated in time. Such an occurrence may lead to permanent disability and sterility (Goulart et al., 2020). The other kind of condition that may affect fertility is a pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by various conditions, some classified under sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, while others are not.

PID/STD and Enhanced Inflammatory Markers

Upon performing a physical examination on the patient, the results showed that the patient’s prostate was warm to touch, swollen, extremely tender, and enlarged. All these are signs of inflammation according to NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay. The inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID can be caused by various immune system’s molecular pathways dysregulation as a result of various factors such as autoimmune response, hormones, dietary factors, aging, urinary reflux, sexually transmitted microorganisms, viruses, and infectious bacterial agents (Darwish et al., 2020).

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay Prostatitis

One of the causes of prostatitis is bacteria entry from the urethra, bladder, or kidney into the prostate gland. Prostatitis may also come from a range of sexually transmitted organisms like HIV, chlamydia, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Papeš et al., 2017). The condition can commence upon urine leakage into the prostate. The forty-two-year-old patient also presented with some prostatitis symptoms such as severe pain low back pain; therefore, he could have prostatitis.

ITP Diagnosis and Splenectomy

In NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay, a patient may have to undergo splenectomy upon diagnosis of ITP since, in such individuals, the body regards platelets as not part of it and therefore always eliminating them. Spleen usually removes the destroyed and damaged platelets. As such, when the spleen is removed, then more platelets can keep on to be part of the body hence better health (Rodeghiero, 2018). Therefore splenectomy is a standard treatment strategy whenever a patient is diagnosed with ITP.

Anemia and Anemia Types

Anemia is one of the blood disorders that come when an individual’s body only manages to produce few red blood cells or loses or destroys too many red blood cells. There are various kinds of anemia, for example, microcytic and macrocytic anemia. Microcytic anemia occurs when an individual’s red blood cells are fewer than normal; in addition, the present red blood cells are too small (Lanier et al.,2018). This type of anemia results from insufficient production of hemoglobin. On the other hand, macrocytic anemia results when an individual’s body has overly large red blood cells and, at the same time, fewer normal red blood cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, pathophysiology is important since it helps nurse practitioners to lay a strong foundation for providing effective and high-quality patient care. It is important that a nurse carefully examine a patient’s symptoms to come up with the right care. This write-up has explored a case study of a forty-two-year-old presenting with various symptoms.

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay References

Cook, N., Shepherd, A., Boore, J., & Dunleavy, S. (2019). Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice. Sage.

Darwish, A. (2020). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: An Underestimated Serious Health Problem. In Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies (pp. 81-92). CRC Press.

Goulart, A. C. X., Farnezi, H. C. M., França, J. P. B. M., Dos Santos, A., Ramos, M. G., & Penna, M. L. F. (2020). HIV, HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis: impacts on male fertility. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 24(4), 492. https://dx.doi.org/10.5935%2F1518-0557.20200020.

Lanier, J. B., Park, J. J., & Callahan, R. C. (2018). Anemia in older adults. American family physician, 98(7), 437-442. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1001/p437.html

PapeÅ¡, D., Pasini, M., JeronÄić, A., Vargović, M., Kotarski, V., Markotić, A., & Å kerk, V. (2017). Detection of sexually transmitted pathogens in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain: a prospective clinical study. International journal of STD & AIDS, 28(6), 613-615. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0956462417691440.

Rodeghiero, F. (2018). A critical appraisal of the evidence for the role of splenectomy in adults and children with ITP. British journal of haematology, 181(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15090

SAMPLE 2

Case Study Analysis

Various factors affect fertility. The presence of the STDs such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea are examples of some of the common forms of STDs that lead to infertility in a person. The reason inflammatory markers tend to rise in STD/PID is the high level of white cell count. The high level of white cells count indicates that the pelvic inflammatory disease is excessively severe (Low, N. & Broutet N. J. 2017). Hence, the inflammatory response is an indication of the presence of an infection and is a response as the first line of defense (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).

Acute bacterial prostatitis is caused by the presence of common strains of bacteria. The infections begin when the bacteria that are present in the urine find their way onto the prostate area. Most of the time, the common forms of treatment entail antibiotics to ensure that the infection is effectively treated. Notably, prostate massage should not be performed for patients that have acute prostatitis condition, given that it will end up causing sepsis (Le, 2016). It is rare to witness sepsis that arises from prostatitis but can occur among patients whose immunity has been compromised.

A patient that has been diagnosed with ITP needs splenectomy given that the immune system of the patient treats the platelets as foreign material to the body and hence will destroy them. The spleen is the part that is responsible for the removal of the damaged platelets from the body. For this reason, removing the spleen of the patient is a strategy that will ensure that there are more platelets in the body (Chaparro & Suchdev, 2019).

The presence of macrocytic anemia is an indication that the red blood cells have low levels of hemoglobin in the body. Hemoglobin is a form of protein that contains high levels of iron that is responsible for the transportation of oxygen around the body. The underlying causes of macrocytic anemia include deficiency in B-12 or folate in the body (Le, 2016). For this reason, the condition is sometimes called vitamin deficiency anemia.

Microcytic anemia is defined as a state in which there is the presence of small and hypochromic red blood cells in the peripheral of the blood smear that is characterized by a low level of the MCV. A low level of MVC means less than 83 microns 3. Hence, the most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency.

The different kinds of anemia include:

• Hypochromic microcytic anemias include iron-deficient anemia, thalassemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
• Normochromic microcytic anemia
• Anemia of inflammation of chronic diseases including infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
• Hypochromic microcytic anemias are caused by a genetic condition that is regarded as congenital spherocytic anemia.

Other causes of microcytic anemia include:

• Lead toxicity
• Copper deficiency
• Excess zinc leading to deficiency in copper
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Drug abuse

References

Chaparro, C. M., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in lowâ€ and middleâ€income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092

Le, C. H. (2016). The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the US population (NHANES 2003-2012). PLOS ONE, 11(11), e0166635. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166635

Low, N. & Broutet N. J. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections – Research priorities for new challenges. PLoS Medicine, (12), e1002481